Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 73
Filter
2.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 38(1): 37-41, ene.-mar. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-888545

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción . El virus linfotrópico humano de células T (HTLV) es un retrovirus del cual se conocen varios tipos, entre ellos el HTLV-I y el HTLV-II, los cuales son de importancia clínica por ser los causantes de diferentes enfermedades, como la leucemia y el linfoma de células T del adulto, la paraparesia espástica tropical y la mielopatía asociada al HTLV. Objetivo . Obtener la prevalencia de las reacciones presuntiva y confirmatoria de los virus HTLV-I y HTLV-II en los donantes del Banco de Sangre del Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe de Medellín, entre el 2014 y el 2015. Materiales y métodos . La información se obtuvo de la base de datos del Banco de Sangre del Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe. Se analizaron la edad, el sexo y el lugar de procedencia y de residencia de los donantes, así como la reacción en la prueba de tamización (ELISA) y en la prueba confirmatoria (inmunoblot). Resultados . La población de donantes estudiados incluyó a 6.275 hombres y 8.148 mujeres, para un total de 14.423 donantes reclutados entre el 1° de marzo de 2014 y el 30 de junio de 2015. De ellos, 25 resultaron positivos para HTLV-I o HTLV-II en la prueba de tamización (ELISA). En la prueba confirmatoria (inmunoblot), nueve (36 %) pacientes fueron positivos para el HTLV-I o HTLV-II , y de ellos ocho (32 %) lo fueron para el HTLV-I y uno (4 %) para el HTLV-II; la seroprevalencia global fue de 0,06 % (IC95% 0,10-0,25). Conclusiones . Los hallazgos del estudio concordaron con los de estudios similares en áreas no endémicas del país y con los de los estudios consultados a nivel internacional.


Abstract Introduction: The human-T cell lymphotropic virus is a retrovirus with various types known so far. HTLV-I and HTLV-II are of clinically importance as they cause different diseases such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, tropical spastic paraparesis, and human T-lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy (HAM). Objective: To estimate the prevalence of presumptive and confirmatory reactivity to HTLV-I/II in blood donors of Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe Blood Bank between 2014 and 2015. Materials and methods: The information was obtained from the Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe Blood Bank database. We analyzed age, sex, place of origin, and place of residence of donors, and the reactivity using the screening test (ELISA) as well as the confirmatory test (immunoblot). Results: The donor population studied included 6,275 men and 8,148 women, for a total of 14,423 donors recruited between March 1, 2014, and June 30, 2015. Of all tested donors, 25 were positive for HTLV-I/II by the screening test (ELISA). After performing the confirmatory test (immunoblot), only nine patients were positive for HTLV-I/II (36%), of whom eight were reactive to HTLV-I (32%) and one to HTLV-II (4%), for a global seroprevalence of 0.06% (CI 95%: 0.10-0.25). Conclusions: Our findings were consistent with those found in similar studies in non-endemic areas of the country and with those from studies at international level reported in the literature.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Blood Donors/statistics & numerical data , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 2/immunology , Blood Banks , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Prevalence
3.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology ; 56(12)2018. graf
Article in English | SES-SP, LILACS, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1121386

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Serological screening for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is usually performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), particle agglutination, or chemiluminescence assay kits. Due to an antigen matrix improvement entailing the use of new HTLV antigens and changes in the format of HTLV screening tests, as well as newly introduced chemiluminescence assays (CLIAs), a systematic evaluation of the accuracy of currently available commercial tests is warranted. We aimed to assess the performance of commercially available screening tests for HTLV infection diagnosis. A diagnostic accuracy study was conducted on a panel of 397 plasma samples: 200 HTLV-negative plasma samples, 170 HTLV-positive plasma samples, and 27 plasma samples indeterminate by Western blotting (WB). WB-indeterminate samples (i.e., those yielding no specific bands for HTLV-1 and/or HTLV-2) were assessed by PCR, and the results were used to compare agreement among the commercially available ELISA screening tests. For performance analysis, WB-indeterminate samples were excluded, resulting in a final study panel of 370 samples. Three ELISA kits (Murex HTLV-1/2 [Murex], anti-HTLV-1/2 SYM Solution [SYM Solution], and Gold ELISA HTLV-1/2 [Gold ELISA]) and one CLIA kit (Architect rHTLV- 1/2) were evaluated. All screening tests demonstrated 100% sensitivity. Concerning the HTLV-negative samples, the SYM Solution and Gold ELISA kits had specificity values of 99.5%, while the Architect rHTLV-1/2 test presented 98.1% specificity, followed by Murex, which had a specificity of 92.0%. Regarding the 27 samples with WB-indeterminate results, after PCR confirmation, all ELISA kits showed 100% sensitivity but low specificity. Accuracy findings were corroborated by the use of Cohen's kappa value, which evidenced slight and fair agreement between PCR analysis and ELISAs for HTLV infection diagnosis. Based on the data, we believe that all evaluated tests can be safely used for HTLV infection screening.


Subject(s)
Humans , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 2/immunology , Deltaretrovirus Infections/diagnostic imaging , Mass Screening , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and Specificity
4.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 21: e180018, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-958832

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Introdução: A disseminação da infecção pelo vírus linfotrópico-T humano (HTLV) em famílias da área metropolitana de Belém, Pará, Brasil, e a ausência de estudos na população em geral requisitam investigações que esclareçam melhor a sua prevalência na região. Metodologia: Foi realizada pesquisa de anticorpos anti-HTLV-1/HTLV-2 em indivíduos adultos transeuntes de logradouros públicos de Belém, entre novembro de 2014 e novembro de 2015. A infecção foi confirmada por pesquisa de DNA proviral e foi realizada avaliação clínica e investigação intrafamiliar dos infectados. Resultados: Dos 1.059 indivíduos investigados, 21 (2,0%) apresentaram amostras sororeagentes, 15 (1,4%) confirmados para HTLV-1, 5 (0,5%) para HTLV-2 e o DNA proviral foi indetectável em 1 caso. A média de idade dos infectados (57,2) foi maior que a dos não infectados (46,2) (p = 0,0010). A infecção aumentou com a idade e se destacou nos indivíduos com renda familiar menor ou igual a um salário mínimo. A transmissão intrafamiliar parece ter ocorrido em todas as famílias investigadas. Dentre os portadores de HTLV-1, 30% (3/10) já apresentavam algum sintoma relacionado à infecção. Discussão: O aumento da infecção de acordo com a idade pode ocorrer por soroconversão tardia de infecção pré-adquirida ou pelo risco cumulativo de novas infecções, sobretudo em mulheres. Conclusão: A infecção por HTLV demonstrou moderada prevalência na população estudada, com predomínio do HTLV-1. Essa mostrou-se associada à baixa renda e ao aumento da idade das mulheres. Também apresentou disseminação intrafamiliar e negligência no diagnóstico das doenças associadas.


ABSTRACT: Introduction: The spread of the HTLV infection in families living in the metropolitan area of Belém, Pará, Brazil, and the lack of studies in the general population requires studies to better understand its prevalence in the region. Methods: An anti-HTLV-1/HTLV-2 antibodies test was carried out on random adults in public places in Belém between November 2014 and November 2015. A proviral DNA test detected if the person was infected, and then a clinical evaluation and an intrafamilial investigation were carried out. Results: Of the 1059 individuals being investigated, 21 (2.0%) had seroreagent samples, 15 (1.4%) had HTLV-1, 5 (0.5%) had HTLV-2, and proviral DNA was undetectable in one case. The mean age of the infected people (57.2) was higher than that of those that were uninfected (46.2) (p = 0.0010). The prevalence of infection increased with age, especially in individuals with a family income equal to or less than a minimum wage. Intrafamilial transmission seems to have occurred in all of the families being studied. Among the patients with HTLV-1, 30% (3/10) already had some symptom related to the infection. Discussion: The increase in prevalence rates according to age may be due to late seroconversion of a previously acquired infection, or the cumulative risk of new infections, especially in women. Conclusion: There was a moderate prevalence of the HTLV infection among adult individuals from the metropolitan area of Belém, with a predominance of HTLV-1. This infection was associated with low income and increasingly older women. It also presented intrafamily spread and negligence in the diagnosis of associated diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Deltaretrovirus Infections/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population , Brazil/epidemiology , DNA, Viral/blood , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , HTLV-I Antibodies/blood , Human T-lymphotropic virus 2/genetics , Human T-lymphotropic virus 2/immunology , HTLV-II Antibodies/blood , Deltaretrovirus Infections/diagnosis , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Endemic Diseases , Middle Aged
5.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 34(3): 459-465, jul.-sep. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-902950

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la prueba de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) para la detección de anticuerpos contra HTLV-1. Se realizó un estudio de evaluación de prueba diagnóstica. Se usaron cultivos celulares MT2 infectados con HTLV-1 y K-562 sin infección, luego fueron sembrados, fijados en láminas para inmunofluorescencia y enfrentados a sueros. Se usaron 155 sueros (80 positivos para HTLV-1 y 75 positivos para otras enfermedades) procedentes de la seroteca del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Perú. Adicionalmente, se evaluó la repetibilidad (en el laboratorio) y reproducibilidad (en laboratorios de costa, sierra y selva) de la prueba. La prueba IFI para la detección de anticuerpos contra HTLV-1 tuvo una sensibilidad de 98,75% (IC 95%: 95,69-100%), una especificidad de 98,67% (IC 95%: 95,40-100%) y el índice de kappa de 0,975. No hubo falsos positivos ni falsos negativos; sin embargo, sí se obtuvo un resultado indeterminado y uno inespecífico. La prueba mostró 100% de concordancia en la repetibilidad y reproductibilidad. Concluimos que los resultados obtenidos son comparables a la prueba de referencia. La prueba de IFI presenta un buen rendimiento diagnóstico y sería de utilidad para la confirmación de HTLV-1.


ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to determine the diagnostic yield of the indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) test for the detection of antibodies against HTLV-1. A diagnostic test evaluation study was performed. HTLV-1-infected MT2 cells and HTLV-1-uninfected K-562 cells were cultured; then these cells were impregnated and fixed in sheets for immunofluorescence and faced to Peruvian sera. A total of 155 sera (80 HTLV-1-positive sera and 75 sera positive for other diseases) from the Peruvian Instituto Nacional de Salud were used. In addition, the parameters of repeatability (intra-laboratory) and reproducibility (in laboratories of the Peruvian coast, mountains and jungle) of the test were evaluated. The IFI test detected the presence of antibodies against HTLV-1 reaching a sensitivity of 98.75% (95% CI: 95.69 - 100.00%), a specificity of 98.67% (95% CI: 95.40 - 100.00%) and the Kappa index was 0.975. There were no false positives or false negatives; however, one undetermined result and one non-specific result were obtained. The test showed 100% qualitative agreement when performing the repeatability and reproducibility. The results obtained are comparable to the reference test. Therefore, the IFI test had a good diagnostic performance and would be useful for the confirmation of HTLV-1.


Subject(s)
Humans , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , HTLV-I Infections/diagnosis , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results
6.
AIDS Research and retoviruses ; 33(4): 382-385, 2017. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1121310

ABSTRACT

Changes in retrovirus acquisition/transmission behaviors have been reported in Brazil, with a concerning increase in HIV-1-infected individuals aged 15-39 years. In São Paulo, HIV-1/HTLV-1 and HIV-1/HTLV-2 coinfections have been associated with intravenous drug use and failure to detect HTLV-1/2 (human T cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2) with immunosuppression and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Negative results for HTLV serologic [western blotting (WB)] and molecular [real-time PCR pol (qPCR)] confirmatory assays have been reported, whereas the best sensitivity has been found for INNO-LIA (LIA). In this study, we expand our previous data by analyzing a group of young patients (n = 1,383; median age 35.6 years) who recently acquired HIV by sexual contact, the majority of whom were HAART naïve, and comparing the performances of four HTLV confirmatory assays LIA, WB, qPCR, and PCR-RFLP (tax). We confirmed HTLV infection in 58 (4.2%) blood samples 29 HTLV-1, 24 HTLV-2, 1 HTLV-1+HTLV-2, and 4 HTLV. LIA, WB, qPCR, and PCR-RFLP sensitivities were 94.8%, 82.8%, 79.2%, and 74.5%, respectively. Associations of HTLV infection with female gender (OR = 2.28, 1.31-4.00) and age >40 years (p < .0001) were detected. The results confirm the low sensitivities of molecular assays and the best performance of LIA in detecting HTLV-1/2 in such patients. We hypothesize that the negative PCR results are due to the presence of defective provirus and/or low proviral load circulating in such patients, with inconclusive WB coinciding with the seroconversion period. Corroborating the associations obtained, repeated exposure is required for HTLV sexual transmission/acquisition, which is more efficient from male to female


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , HTLV-I Infections/diagnosis , Human T-lymphotropic virus 2/immunology , HTLV-II Infections/diagnosis , HIV-1 , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Blotting, Western , Sensitivity and Specificity
7.
Salvador; s.n; 2017. 76 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001000

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O HTLV-1 é o agente etiológico de doenças humanas, tais como leucemia/linfoma de célula T do adulto (ATLL), paraparesia espástica tropical/mielopatia associada ao HTLV (HAM/TSP), dermatite infectiva associada ao HTLV-1 (DIH), entre outras. Estima-se que cerca de 5-10 milhões de pessoas estejam infectadas pelo HTLV-1 no mundo e apesar dessa infecção ser endêmica em diferentes regiões geográficas, ainda permanece sem métodos terapêuticos eficazes. O genoma desse retrovírus é composto por duas fitas simples de RNA, com os genes gag, pol, env e uma região próxima à extremidade 3' conhecida como pX. A região pX contém quatro quadros abertos de leitura (ORFs) que codificam proteínas regulatórias específicas. A ORF-I codifica as proteínas p12 e p8, que quando expressas em quantidades equivalentes favorecem a infectividade e persistência viral. Mutações gênicas específicas na ORF-I do HTLV-1 podem alterar o padrão de expressão e, consequentemente, a concentração relativa destas proteínas, implicando na alteração da persistência viral e no desfecho da infecção. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a ORF-I do HTLV-1 de pacientes com diferentes perfis clínicos. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Inicialmente foi realizada a anotação completa do principal genoma do HTLV-1 (ATK1), utilizado como sequência referência para a caracterização molecular da ORF-I. Em seguida, 1530 sequências da ORF-I provenientes de indivíduos assintomáticos e com HAM/TSP foram submetidas a análise de dataming para busca de associações entre mutações, carga proviral e sintomatologia. Para avaliar o grau de conservação genética da ORF-I em outros perfis clínicos, amostras de 23 pacientes assintomáticos, 11 pacientes com DIH, 13 com ATLL e 16...


INTRODUTION: The HTLV-1 is the etiological agent of some human diseases, such asadult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL), HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropicalspastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), infective dermatitis associated to HTLV-1 (IDH),among others. It is estimated that approximately 5-10 million people are infected withHTLV-1 in the world and although this infection is endemic in different geographicregions, it still remains without effective therapeutic methods. The genome of thisretrovirus is composed of two single strands of RNA, with the genes gag, pol, env and aregion near the 3' end, known as pX. The pX region contains four open reading frames(ORFs) that encode specific regulatory proteins. The ORF-I encodes the p12 and p8proteins, which when expressed in equivalent concentrations favor infectivity and viralpersistence. Specific mutations in HTLV-1 ORF-I may alter the expression and,consequently, the relative concentration of these proteins, implying in viral persistence alteration and outcome of infection. OBJECTIVE: Characterize the HTLV-1 ORF-Ifrom patients with different clinical profiles. MATERIAL AND METHODS: First, thecomplete annotation of the main genome of HTLV-1 (ATK1), used as a referencesequence for the molecular characterization of ORF-I, was initially performed. Then,1530 ORF-I sequences from asymptomatic and HAM/TSP individuals were submitted todataming analysis to search associations. To assess the ORF-I genetic conservation statusin other clinical profiles, samples from 23 asymptomatic patients, 11 patients with IDH,13 with ATLL and 16 with...


Subject(s)
Humans , Mutation/physiology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/pathogenicity
8.
Salvador; s.n; 2016. 67 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001026

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Os Portadores de coagulopatias congênitas apresentam o risco elevado de contrair a infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC) devido ao uso de sangue, seus componentes e derivados, tendo sido minimizado pelas políticas do sangue. Em um estudo realizado na Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia da Bahia (HEMOBA) há 16 anos com hemofílicos, a soroprevalência do VHC foi de 42% (IC 95% 36%-48%), sendo que o genótipo 1 do VHC (74%) foi o mais prevalente,seguido pelos genótipos 3 (22%) e 2 (4%) (Silva et al., 2005). O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência atual de infecção pelo VHC em hemofílicos e portadores de outras coagulopatias congênitas. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Este estudo possui dois componentes, um de corte transversal, para determinar a prevalência das infecções provocas pelo VHC, e outro tipo caso-controle, para analisar os fatores de risco e associação com gravidade da doença de base. Entre fevereiro de 2014...


Subject(s)
Humans , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/growth & development , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/pathogenicity
9.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 35(3): 337-346, jul.-sep. 2015. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-765462

ABSTRACT

Introduction: To date there has been no statistical evaluation of the profiles of immunoglobulin classes and viral replication as variables in the study of HTLV-1 infection and circulation among families in virus-endemic areas of Colombia. Objective: To evaluate the correlation of several immunological and molecular characteristics with the transmission and circulation of HTLV-1 among families in the town of Tumaco. Materials and methods: Plasma levels of HTLV-1 specific immunoglobulin classes IgG, IgM and IgA1, as well as IgG and sIgA in oral fluids, were calculated for 32 members of 10 family groups from Tumaco in which the mother and at least one child were infected with the virus. Levels of the different immunoglobulin classes were correlated with viral RNA circulating in plasma or oral fluids and the proviral burden as detected by RT-PCR. Results: Significant differences were determined between mothers and carrier children for immunoglobulin levels (p=0.037) and proviral burden (p=0.002). The overall estimate of IgG in plasma and sIgA in oral fluids could be correlated with the circulation of free viral RNA in both fluids and high proviral burden, and associated with HAM/TSP mothers. The detection of anti- tax IgG in plasma revealed differences between HAM/TSP mothers and their offspring. Conclusion: The study of immunological and molecular variables permitted the analysis of HTLV-1 circulation among families of Tumaco. The strong correlation between levels of IgM specific for the virus and viral RNA circulating in fluids indirectly confirmed the transmission of HTLV-1 among families.


Introducción. Todavía no hay una evaluación estadística de los perfiles de las clases de inmuno- globulina s y la replicación viral, como variables para estudiar la infección y la circulació n del HTLV-1 en familias de zonas endémicas en Colombia. Objetivo. Evaluar la correlación de varias características inmunológicas y moleculares, con la transmisión y circulación del virus en familias del municipio de Tumaco. Materiales y métodos. Se calcularon los niveles de IgG, IgM e IgA1 en plasma, e IgG y IgA secretoria en fluido oral, de 32 miembros de 10 grupos familiares de Tumaco, en los que la madre y, al menos, un hijo estaban infectados con el virus. La concentración de las diferentes clases de inmunoglobulinas se pudo correlacionar con la circulación de ARN viral libre en plasma y fluido oral, y la carga proviral, según su detección mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de transcripción inversa. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los niveles de inmunoglobulinas (p=0,037) y en la carga proviral (p=0,002) entre madres e hijos portadores. La estimación total de IgG en plasma e IgA secretoria en fluido oral, se pudo correlacionar con la circulación de ARN viral libre en ambos fluidos y una alta carga proviral, y se asoció con las madres paraparesia espástica tropical o mielopatía asociada con el HTLV-1. La detección en plasma de IgG anti-Tax reveló diferencias entre ellas y sus hijos. Conclusión. El estudio de las variables inmunológicas y moleculares permitió analizar la circulación del HTLV-1 en familias de Tumaco. La fuerte asociación entre los niveles de IgM específica para el virus y el ARN viral circulante en los fluidos y la carga proviral, confirmó indirectamente la transmisión intrafamiliar del virus.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , RNA, Viral/analysis , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/isolation & purification , HTLV-I Antibodies/analysis , HTLV-I Infections/epidemiology , Family Health , Viremia/immunology , Viremia/epidemiology , Viremia/virology , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , RNA, Viral/blood , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , HTLV-I Antibodies/blood , HTLV-I Infections/immunology , HTLV-I Infections/transmission , HTLV-I Infections/virology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Proviruses/isolation & purification , Colombia/epidemiology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Endemic Diseases , Mothers
10.
São Paulo; s.n; 2015. 84 p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-TESESESSP, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1082878

ABSTRACT

Doenças crônicas e sem cura podem provocar sofrimento psíquico e insatisfatória qualidade de vida. Nesta pesquisa, foram abordados pacientes com infecção para HTLV-1 (vírus linfotrópico da célula humana do tipo 1), vírus sem cura que pode causar paresia ou plegia dos membros inferiores e leucemia/linfoma de células T do adulto (ATLL). Buscou-se compreender se o sofrimento psíquico (depressão e/ou desesperança) e a percepção da qualidade de vida destes pacientes poderiam fazer diferença na percepção de suporte familiar e ainda, se haveriam diferenças significativas entre os pacientes sintomáticos e assintomáticos, nos quesitos, depressão, desesperança, qualidade de vida e suporte familiar percebido. A coleta de dados aconteceu no ambulatório de HTLV do Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas. A amostragem foi constituída por 59 pacientes, sendo que 31 eram sintomáticos e 28 assintomáticos para HAM/TSP (paraparesia espástica tropical), 43 (72,9%) eram do sexo feminino, as idades variaram entre 19 e 73 anos e a média foi de 50 anos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de 5 instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Escala Beck de Depressão (BDI), Escala Beck de Desesperança (BHS), Inventário de Percepção de Suporte Familiar (IPSF) e Escala de Qualidade de Vida (SF-36). Para análise dos dados foram feitas análises descritivas teste t-student, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e avaliação da diferença entre os grupos, através do d de Cohen. Os resultados apontaram os pacientes sintomáticos com maior grau de depressão, o grau de desesperança encontrado foi mínimo para ambos os grupos, a média de percepção de qualidade de vida tanto para assintomáticos, quanto para sintomáticos foi satisfatória, exceto no fator que avalia a Adaptação Familiar, que apresentou média-baixa. Foram encontradas correlações negativas e significativas somente entre desesperança e fator 1 do IPSF para os pacientes sintomáticos e entre desesperança e todos os fatores do IPSF, para os pacientes assintomáticos. Entre depressão e os fatores do IPSF verificou-se correlação negativa significativa para os sintomáticos somente com o fator 1 e para os pacientes assintomáticos somente entre o valor total e o fator 1. Entre os domínios de qualidade de vida e o IPSF verificou-se correlação com o valor total e o fator 1 e os domínios Capacidade Funcional e Aspectos Sociais. Conclui-se que pacientes sintomáticos e assintomáticos, participantes desta pesquisa, diferem-se nos níveis de depressão, em todos os domínios de qualidade de vida e no fator 3 do IPSF, referente a autonomia familiar. (AU)


Incurable chronic diseases can lead to psychological distress and poor quality oflife. This study has addressed patients with HTLV-1.....We sought to find out whether psychological distress (depression and/or hopelessness) andperceived quality of life could influence these patients’ perceived family support,and whether there would be significant differences between symptomatic andasymptomatic patients in term..... The sample consisted of 59patients: 31 were symptomatic; 28, asymptomatic for HAM/TSP (tropical spasticparaparesis); 43 (72.9%) were female, between 19-73 years old, and themedian age was 50. Five instruments were used for collecting data:Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), BeckHopelessness Scale (BHS), Inventory of Perceived Family Support (IPFS), andQuality of Life Scale (QOLS-36)...Symptomatic patients showed mid-low scores on perceived Family support, except the factor that evaluates Consistent Affective Aspects, whichs Yet, asymptomatic patients had medium-high scores in almost all categories, except the factor that evaluates Family Adjustment, which showed medium-low. We found negative, significant correlation betweenhopelessness and IPFS factor 1 for symptomatic patients, and betweenhopelessness and the overall total, factor 1, fator 2 and factor 3, forasymptomatic patients. We found negative, significant correlation betweendepression/IPFS factors for symptomatic patients and factor 1; for theasymptomatic patients, the same was found only between the overall total andfactor 1. We found correlation between quality of life and IPFS and the overalltotal and factor 1 and Functional Capacity and Social Aspects. We conclude that the participants in this study, both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients,show different levels of depression in all aspects of quality of life and in IPFSfactor 3, regarding family autonomy (AU).


Subject(s)
Depression/psychology , Family/psychology , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/psychology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/classification , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology
11.
Salvador; s.n; 2014. 118 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1000904

ABSTRACT

O Brasil representa uma das áreas endêmicas para o vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas do tipo 1 (HTLV-1) e a cidade de Salvador, Bahia, possui a maior prevalência nacional da infecção por este retrovírus (1,8%), com cerca de 50.000 pessoas infectadas. O HTLV-1 foi o primeiro retrovírus humano descrito e está classicamente associado à leucemia/linfoma de células T do adulto (ATLL) e à mielopatia associada ao HTLV-1/paraparesia espástica tropical (HAM/TSP). A HAM/TSP é uma doença inflamatória do sistema nervoso central, cujos mecanismos imunopatogênicos não estão completamente elucidados. O papel dos linfócitos T citotóxicos na patogênese desta doença ainda não está bem definido. Neste estudo, foram avaliados o fenótipo e a função de linfócitos T citotóxicos de pacientes infectados pelo HTLV-1 com HAM/TSP...


Brazil represents one of the largest endemic areas for human T-lymphotropic virus cells type 1 (HTLV-1) infection and associated diseases. Salvador, Bahia, is considered as the Brazilian city with the highest national HTLV-1prevalence (around 1.8% in the general population). HTLV -1 was the first human retrovirus described and is classically associated with adult Tcell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HAM/TSP is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease of the central nervous system and your immunopathogenic mechanisms are not completely understood. The role of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) in the pathogenesis of this disease is still undefined. In this study we evaluated the phenotype and function of cytotoxic Tlymphocytes from HTLV-1-infected patients with HAM/TSP...


Subject(s)
Humans , Spinal Cord Diseases/immunology , Spinal Cord Diseases/pathology , Spinal Cord Diseases/prevention & control , Spinal Cord Diseases/blood , T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology , T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology
12.
Salvador; s.n; 2014. 84 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1000945

ABSTRACT

A dermatite infecciosa associada ao vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas tipo 1 (HTLV-1), DIH, é uma forma de eczema grave e recidivante que incide principalmente em crianças que em geral foram verticalmente infectadas pelo HTLV-1, ocorrendo lesões eritematosas, escamativas e crostosas, sendo geralmente localizadas nas regiões do couro cabeludo e retroauriculares, assim como pescoço, virilha, região paranasal, axilas, ouvido externo e narinas. Inicia-se após os 18 meses de vida e raramente persiste até a vida adulta. No Brasil, muitos casos têm sido diagnosticados na Bahia, estado brasileiro que atualmente conta com a maior casuística da literatura depois da Jamaica. Acompanhando uma coorte de 31 pacientes da faixa etária infanto-juvenil com DIH em Salvador, observou-se em esfregaço do sangue periférico, em 11 dos indivíduos, o aparecimento de linfócitos atípicos (LA) e/ou células em flor (CF), que não são comumente observados em pacientes com DIH, mas ocorrem com frequência em pacientes com leucemia/linfoma de células T do adulto (ATL). Submetemos amostras dos 31 pacientes a reações em cadeia da polimerase (PCR)...


Infective dermatitis associated with human T lymphotropic cells virus type 1 (HTLV-1), IDH, is a form of severe and recurrent dermatitis that occurs mostly in children who were mainly vertically infected with HTLV-1, occurring erythematous, desquamative and crusty, being generally located in regions of the scalp and retroauricular, neck, groin, paranasal region, armpits, outer ear and nostrils. It begins after 18 months of life and rarely persists into adulthood. In Brazil, several cases have been diagnosed in Bahia, the Brazilian state that currently has the highest incidence after Jamaica. Tracking a cohort of 31 patients in the juvenile age group with IDH in Salvador, we observed the appearance of atypical lymphocytes (AL) and/or flower cells (FC), which are not commonly observed in patients with IDH, but occur frequently in patients with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), in peripheral blood smear in 11 of the subjects. Samples of 31 patients underwent tests of PCR...


Subject(s)
Humans , Dermatitis/diagnosis , Dermatitis/parasitology , Dermatitis/prevention & control , Lymphocytes/metabolism , Lymphocytes/pathology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/physiology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/pathogenicity
13.
Salvador; s.n; 2014. 123 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1000957

ABSTRACT

A proliferação espontânea de linfócitos é um marcador da infecção pelo Vírus Linfotrópico de Célula T Humana do tipo 1 (HTL V -l)o Esta é mais elevada em pacientes com paraparesia espástica tropical/mielopatia associada ao HTL V (HAMJTSP) que em indivíduos assintomáticos. Embora o seu papel na patogênese da HAM/TSP ainda seja desconhecido, a identificação de drogas capazes de modular a proliferação espontânea pode ser relevante para o tratamento da HAM/TSP. Neste estudo nós avaliamos os efeitos dos derivados quinoIínicos BS373, Ql e Q2 e da fisalina F em culturas de células mononucleares do sangue periférico (PBMC) de indivíduos infectados pelo HTL V com HAM/TSP. Estes compostos inibiram, ex vivo, a proliferação espontânea em culturas de PBMC, conforme avaliado pela incorporação de 3H-timidina. Além disso, a produção espontânea, ex vivo, de citocinas inflamatórias foi significativamente inibida pelo composto BS373 (25 j.tM) e pela tlsahna F (10 j.tM). A expressão da proteína viral Tax foi reduzida cerca de 80% após incubação de PBMC com BS373 (25 uM). BS373 e fisalina F induziram um aumento na porcentagem de células em apoptose, como demonstrado por análise da marcação do PBMC com anexina V por citometri~ de fluxo. A análise ultraestrutural de células cultivadas na presença destes compostos mostrou vacúolos apresentando membranas de mielina, que se assemelham a compartimentos autofágicos. Em conclusão, as quinolinas e a fisalina F foram capaz de inibir a proliferação espontânea de células de indivíduos infectados pelo HTL V-I. Outros estudos são necessários para compreendermos os mecanismos pelos quais estes compostos agem no PBMC de indivíduos infectados pelo HTL V-I.


Spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation, a hallmark ofHuman- T Lymphocyte Virus Type 1 (HTL V -1) infection, is particular1y high in HTL V -associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients compared to asymptomatic carriers. Although its role in the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP is stiH unknown, the identification of drugs capable of modulating the spontaneous proliferation may be reievant for the treatment ofHAM/TSP. Here we evaluated the effects ofthe quinoline derivative BS373, Q1 and Q2 and physalin F in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear ceHs (PBMC) obtained from HTL V-infected subjects with HAM/TSP. Compounds inhibited of spontaneous proliferation in PBMC cultures, as assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Additionally, the spontaneous production of inflammatory cytokines by PBMC was significantly inhibited by BS373 (25 flM) and physalin F (10 flM). The expression of the viral transcription factor Tax was reduced about 80% after incubation of PBMC with 8S373 (25 I-tM). BS373 and physalin F induced an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells, as shown by flow cytometry analysis of annexin V-stained PBMC. Ultrastructural analysis of cultured cells in the presence of compounds showed vacuoles presented with myelin-like membranes, resembling autophagic vacuole-like compartments. In conc1usion, quinolines and physalin F was able to inhibit the spontaneous proliferation of cells from HTL V -l-infected individuaIs. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms by which the compounds affect HTL V -1 PBMC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis/genetics , Apoptosis/immunology , Quinolines , Quinolines/immunology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/metabolism , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/pathogenicity
14.
Salvador; s.n; 2014. 58 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1000969

ABSTRACT

O controle da carga proviral do HTLV-1 depende em parte da lise de células infectadas por células citotóxicas mediada pelos linfócitos T CD8⁺ e pelas células NK (Natural killer). A família de receptores KIR (killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor) interage com as moléculas de HLA de classe I, principalmente os alelos do HLA C do grupo 1 (C*01, C*03, C*07, C*08, C*12, C*13, C*14 e C*16), ativando ou inibindo a função destas células.O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se os genes KIR2DL2/KIR2DL3 e os alelos de HLA-C do grupo 1 estão associados ao controle da carga proviral do HTLV-1 e ao diagnóstico de HAM/TSP. O estudo foi realizado no Centro de HTLV da Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Púbica, em Salvador-Bahia. A presença dos genes KIR2DL2 e KIR2DL3 foi determinada por PCR em tempo real (Syber Green). Foram incluídos 248 indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1 (161 assintomáticos e 87 com HAM/TSP) cujos alelos de HLA de classe I haviam sido previamente determinados. A carga proviral (quantificada por PCR em tempo real) e as frequências de indivíduos assintomáticos e com diagnóstico de HAM/TSP (Possível, Provável e Definido) foram comparadas de acordo com a presença ou ausência dos genes KIR avaliados. As frequências dos genes KIR2DL2 e KIR2DL3 foi 84,3% e 96,8%...


The control of proviral load of HTLV-1 depends in part of the lysis of infected cells mediated by cytotoxic CD8⁺T lymphocytes and NK (Natural killer) cells. The family of KIR (killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor) interacts with HLA class I molecules, especially those HLA-C alleles in-group 1 (C*01, C*03, C*07, C*08, C*12, C*13, C*14 and C*16) by activating or inhibiting the function of these cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3 genes and group 1 HLA-C alleles are associated with the control of proviral load of HTLV-1 and the diagnosis of HAM/TSP. The study was performed at Bahiana School HTLV Center of Medicine and Health Public, in Salvador, Bahia. The presence of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 genes was determined by real-time PCR (Syber Green). The study included 248 subjects infected with HTLV-1(161 and 87 asymptomatic with HAM/TSP) whose HLA class I alleles were previously determined. The proviral load (quantified by real-time PCR) and the frequency asymptomatic individuals diagnosed with HAM/TSP (possibly, probably and definitive) were compared according to the presence or absence of KIR genes evaluated. The frequencies of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 genes were 84.3% and 96.8%...


Subject(s)
Humans , Spinal Cord Diseases/complications , Spinal Cord Diseases/genetics , Spinal Cord Diseases/immunology , Spinal Cord Diseases/pathology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/pathogenicity
15.
Salvador; s.n; 2014. 145 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1000981

ABSTRACT

As ORFs I e IV do genoma do HTLV-1 codificam, respectivamente, as proteínas p12/p8 (acessória) e Tax (regulatória). p12/p8, de 99 aminoácidos, pode ser clivada em sua extremidade amino terminal gerando a proteína p8. A primeira clivagem proteolítica de p12 remove o sinal de retenção ao RE, enquanto a segunda clivagem, gera o produto de 8kDa, referido como p8. p12 localiza-se no sistema de endomembranes, residindo em RE e aparato de Golgi, enquanto p8 dirige-se para a membrana plasmática, onde é recrutada para a sinapse imunológica, através da ligação com o receptor de células T (TCR), além de participar da sinapse virológica e da formação de conduítes. A proteína Tax, por outro lado, atua como transativador transcricional do HTLV-1, sendo referida também na indução da expressão de diversos genes celulares, aumentando a proliferação e a migração das células infectadas. Na via de transporte de vesículas secretórias, vesículas produzidas como pós-Golgi são transportadas ao longo do citoesqueleto por motores celulares. A Miosina-Va, um motor não convencional, transporta diversos cargos, incluindo vesículas secretórias, vesículas sinápticas e de retículo endoplasmático. Outra proteína relacionada ao citoesqueleto é a Paxilina, que atua como molécula adaptadora nas adesões focais e cuja expressão está aumentada em indivíduos TSP-HAM...


HTLV-1 ORFs I and IV encode respectively p12/p8 (accessory protein) and Tax (regulatory protein). The 99 amino acid p12 protein can be proteolytically cleaved at the amino terminus to generate the p8 protein. The first proteolytic cleavage removes the ER retention/retrieval signal at the amino terminus of p12, while the second cleavage generates the p8 protein. The p12 protein localizes to cellular endomembranes, within the ER and Golgi apparatus, while p8 traffics to lipid rafts at the cell surface and is recruited to the immunological synapse upon T-cell receptor (TCR) ligation, virological synapse and conduits. Tax on the other hand acts as viral transactivator and induces expression of many cellular genes, increasing proliferation and migration of infected cells. In secretory vesicle transport, vesicles produced as post-Golgi are moved along the cytoskeleton by motor proteins. The unconventional myosin motor, Myosin-Va, moves several cargoes including secretory vesicles, synaptic vesicles, and the endoplasmic reticulum. Another cytoskeleton associated protein is Paxillin, an adapter on focal adhesions which expression is increased in TSP-HAM patients...


Subject(s)
Humans , Paxillin/biosynthesis , Paxillin/toxicity , Paxillin/ultrastructure , Gene Products, tax/analysis , Gene Products, tax/immunology , Gene Products, tax/isolation & purification , Gene Products, tax/blood , Gene Products, tax/chemical synthesis , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/pathogenicity
16.
Salvador; s.n; 2014. 109 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-870337

ABSTRACT

Nesta tese foram realizados três trabalhos distintos sendo que todos envolvem identificar possíveis fatores genéticos ou clínicos relacionados com a infecção pelo HIV-1 ou pelo HTLV-1 ou por ambos. No primeiro trabalho nós objetivamos identificar mutações que poderiam estar relacionadas com o desenvolvimento da TSP/HAM ou carga proviral. Para isto sequenciamos a região LTR5’ do HTLV-1 por Ion Torrent para verificar mutações com baixa frequência. Nós encontramos mutações em 52 posições que estavam presentes em mais de um indivíduo, porém apenas 11 destas estavam presentes em TFBS previamente descritos.Três mutações que não estavam presentes em TFBS previamente descritos foram statisticamente significantes quando comparadas entre os grupos," sendo" que" estes" sítios" podem" ser" importantes" para"a"mediação" da" transcrição" viral."No" segundo" estudo" nós" objetivamos determinar a prevalência do genótipo selvagem em Hlabisa, Kwazulu-Natal na África do Sul além de identificar possíveis fatores associados a presença deste genótipo em 220 pacientes submetidos a ART. O genótipo selvagem foi detectado em 28 amostras (12,7%). Selecionamos 11 pacientes para realizar o sequenciamento pelo Ion Torrent, nove confirmaram não ter mutações de resistência aos antirretrovirais em alta frequência. Foi encontrada uma alta contagem de CD4+ no início da terapia associado a falha terapêutica assim como uma alta carga viral antes da genotipagem e não foi encontrado associação entre aderência a terapia auto-reportada e a presença do genótipo selvagem. Aproximadamente um em cada oito adultos que falham a terapia possuem o genótipo selvagem sendo este dado confirmado através de sequenciamento de nova geração. Devido ao alto número de genótipos selvagem encontrados, o teste de resistência genotípica deve ser solicitado para se obter um melhor desfecho clinico em níveis individuais e populacionais. No terceiro estudo nós analisamos as diferenças na contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ entre indivíduos infectados apenas com o HIV-1 e indivíduos coinfectados HIV-1/HTLV-1 com falha terapêutica, além de analisarmos a soroprevalência do HTLV-1 em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV-1. Foram encontrados oito pacientes coinfectados (2,1%) dos 381 pacientes analisados. Nós não observamos nenhuma diferença estatística quando analisamos transversalmente os dados clínicos dos pacientes, exceto na primeira contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ após o início do tratamento que estava maior nos indivíduos coinfectados (p=0.03). A análise multivariada longitudinal mostrou que a media de linfócitos T CD4+ ao longo do tratamento, foi estatisticamente maior nos pacientes coinfectados levando em consideração características demográficas, carga viral, fatores relacionados a terapia, entre outros. Nos pacientes coinfectados também não foram encontrados marcadores de HLA relacionados com os supressores de elite do HIV-1. Os dados deste trabalho sugerem que os pacientes coinfectados em terapia ntirretroviral deveriam ter um acompanhamento clínico diferenciado dos indivíduos apenas infectados pelo HIV-1, pois a coinfecção poderia estar levando ao aumento do número dos linfócitos T CD4+ sem um possível ganho de resposta imune.


We performed three studies to analyze risk factors associated with retroviruses infections. In the first study we attempted to analyze mutations related to TSP/HAM development or proviral load. For that purpose we have sequenced the LTR 5’ region of HTLV-1 by Ion Torrent. We found that mutations in 52 positions were present in more than one individual, but only 11 were present in the previously described TFBS. Three mutations that were not present in the previously described TFBS were statistically significant comparing groups. Despite the absence of previously described TFBS, these sites might be important for the viral transcription. In the second study we analyzed the prevalence of HIV-1 wild type genotype in adults failing first-line ART. A total of 220 adults were included. The wild type genotype was detected by population sequencing in 28 (12.7%). No major drug resistance mutations were detected by deep sequencing for 81.8% (9/11) of those sampled. Higher baseline CD4+ cell count was associated with a greater likelihood of wild type genotype as was a higher viral load prior to resistance testing but there was no evidence of an association between selfreported adherence and the presence of wild type genotype. Approximately one in eight adults failing first-line ART had wild type genotype and this result was confirmed trough deep sequencing in some samples. Access to genotypic resistance testing may be required in this region to achieve optimal individual-level and population-level outcomes. In the third study we proposed to verify the prevalence of HTLV-1 and to statistically assess differences in CD4+ counts between HTLV-1/HIV-1 co-infected and HIV-1 mono-infected patients living in rural KwaZulu-Natal. The HTLV-1 seroprevalence was 2.1% (8 out 381 patients). The patients were grouped by HTLV-1/HIV-1 co-infected and HIV-1 mono-infected status for the statistical analysis...


Subject(s)
Humans , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/physiology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/pathogenicity , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/growth & development
17.
Actual. SIDA. infectol ; 21(81): 84-94, sep.2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-777930

ABSTRACT

El virus linfotrópicos-T humanos tipo 1 (HTLV-1) es el agente etiológico de una enfermedad hematológica de mal pronóstico, la leucemia de células T del adulto (ATL) y de una enfermedad neurológica invalidante, la mielopatía asociada al HTLV-1/paraparesia espástica tropical (HAM/TSP) para las cuales no existe un tratamiento eficaz. El virus linfotrópico-T humano tipo 2 (HTLV-2) ha sido relacionado a síndromes neurológicos, aumento de infecciones y mortalidad. En Argentina, existe una restricción étnica/geográfica con una región endémica para el HTLV-1 en el Noroeste (Aymarás) y otra para el HTLV-2 en la Región Chaqueña (Tobas y Wichis). El aumento de corrientes migratorias a partir de áreas endémicas ha contribuido a la mayor circulación de estos virus en el país, hecho que plantea el desafío de poder brindar un diagnóstico final y una atención integral a los individuos. Este manuscrito comprende una revisión actualizada y la experiencia de nuestro grupo sobre estas infecciones...


HTLV-1 is the ethiologic agent of an hematologic disease with bad prognosis, Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL) lethal in short time and a chronic and progressively invalidant neurological disease, HTLV-1 Associated Mielopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP), for which no effective treatment is available. HTLV-2 has been related to neurologic syndromes, an increase in infections and mortality. In Argentina, the infection shows an ethnic/geographic restriction with an endemic regions for HTLV-1 in the Northeast (Aymaras) and for HTLV-2 in the Chaqueña Region (Tobas y Wichis). The increasing migrations from endemic areas have contributed to a major circulatin of these viruses and detection of HAM/TSP and ATL cases countrywide. This situation poses the challenge of giving a complete and final diagnosis and an integral care to infected individuals. This manuscript describes general aspects of HTLV-1/2 and the situation and experience of our group on these infections in the country...


Subject(s)
Humans , Blotting, Western , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Endemic Diseases/prevention & control , Hematologic Diseases/etiology , Spinal Cord Diseases/immunology , Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/pathology , Serologic Tests , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , /immunology
18.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 108(6): 730-734, set. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-685488

ABSTRACT

Intrathecal synthesis of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) antibodies (Abs) represents conclusive evidence of a specific immune response in the central nervous system of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients. Western blotting (WB) for HTLV Abs in serum is a confirmatory test for HTLV-1 infection. The aim of this study was to standardise the Western blot to demonstrate the intrathecal pattern of Abs against HTLV-1 proteins in HAM/TSP patients. Paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were selected from 20 patients with definite HAM/TSP, 19 HTLV-1 seronegative patients and two HTLV-1 patients without definite HAM/TSP. The presence of reactive bands of greater intensity in the CSF compared to serum (or bands in only the CSF) indicated the intrathecal synthesis of anti-HTLV-1 Abs. All definite HAM/TSP patients presented with an intrathecal synthesis of anti-HTLV-1 Abs; these Abs were not detected in the control patients. The most frequent intrathecal targets of anti-HTLV-1 Abs were GD21, rgp46-I and p24 and, to a lesser extent, p19, p26, p28, p32, p36, p53 gp21 and gp46. The intrathecal immune response against env (GD21 and rgp46-I) and gag (p24) proteins represents the most important humoral pattern in HAM/TSP. This response may be used as a diagnostic marker, considering the frequent association of intrathecal anti-HTLV-1 Ab synthesis with HAM/TSP and the pathogenesis of this neurological disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies, Viral , Blotting, Western/standards , Central Nervous System/immunology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Antibodies, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid , Central Nervous System/metabolism , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Gene Products, env/immunology , Gene Products, gag/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/blood , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/cerebrospinal fluid , Sensitivity and Specificity
19.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 45(3): 165-8, set. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1171789

ABSTRACT

Alternative algorithms were evaluated in order to reduce the number of false reactive results for antibodies against HTLV-1/2. From 20,210 samples tested, 0.37


(74/20,210) was reactive by ELISA Murex. Of these, 23 were confirmed as positive by the indirect immunofluorescence assay whereas 51 were negative, being the positive predictive value (PPV) 31.08


. From a combination of the ELISA Murex assay with the particle agglutination assay (PA) and ELISA MP, the following results were obtained: 26/74 were reactive by ELISA Murex and PA, PPV 88.5


and 32/74 were reactive by ELISA Murex and ELISA MP, PPV 71.8


. The ROC curve analysis determined that for an RP 4.74, the values for sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV by ELISA Murex were 100


, respectively. We propose that reactive samples by ELISA Murex with an RP d 4.74 should be retested in duplicate by PA, and the resulting concordantly nonreactive samples should be defined as negative for HTLV-1/2.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Blood Donors , HTLV-I Infections/diagnosis , HTLV-I Infections/blood , HTLV-II Infections/diagnosis , HTLV-II Infections/blood , Donor Selection/methods , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , /immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Serologic Tests
20.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 45(5): 545-552, Sept.-Oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-656206

ABSTRACT

The human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus identified. The virus is transmitted through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, sharing of contaminated needles or syringes and from mother to child, mainly through breastfeeding. In addition to the well-known association between HTLV-1 and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), several diseases and neurologic manifestations have been associated with the virus. This review was conducted through a PubMed search of the terms HTLV-1, immune response and neurological diseases. Emphasis was given to the most recent data regarding pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of HTLV-1 infection. The aim of the review is to analyze the immune response and the variety of neurological manifestations associated to HTLV-1 infection. A total of 102 articles were reviewed. The literature shows that a large percentage of HTLV-1 infected individuals have others neurological symptoms than HAM/TSP. Increased understanding of these numerous others clinical manifestations associated to the virus than adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HAM/TSP has challenged the view that HTLV-1 is a low morbidity infection.


O vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas do tipo 1 (HTLV-1) foi o primeiro retrovírus humano identificado. O vírus é transmitido via relação sexual, transfusão de sangue, compartilhamento de agulhas ou seringas contaminadas ou da mãe para o filho, principalmente através da amamentação. Além da conhecida associação entre o HTLV-1 e a mielopatia associada ao HTLV-1 (HAM/TSP), várias doenças e manifestações neurológicas tem sido associadas com o vírus. Esta revisão de literatura foi conduzida através de pesquisa ao banco de dados do PubMed, com os termos HTLV-1, resposta imune e doenças neurológicas. Foram enfatizados os dados mais recentes sobre a patogênese e às manifestações clínicas na infecção pelo HTLV-1. O objetivo dessa revisão é analisar a resposta imune e a variedade de manifestações neurológicas associadas com a infecção pelo HTLV-1. Um total de 102 artigos foi analisado. A literatura mostra que grande porcentagem de indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1 apresenta sintomas neurológicos mesmo na ausência de HAM/TSP. Uma maior compreensão das várias manifestações clínicas associadas ao vírus, além da leucemia/linfoma de células T do adulto (ATLL) e HAM/TSP, auxilia a estabelecer que, na realidade, a infecção pelo vírus possui uma morbidade maior do que se pensava.


Subject(s)
Humans , HTLV-I Infections/complications , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/immunology , HTLV-I Infections/immunology , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/complications
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL